Gender differences in autism, what’s the go?
Autism affects people regardless of their gender, but there are some intriguing differences in the way autism manifests in boys and girls. By understanding these differences we can ensure more autistic girls are identified earlier while also ensuring that they aren’t misdiagnosed.
One aspect that deserves attention is the diagnostic process. Historically, autism was believed to predominantly affect boys, leading to delayed or missed diagnoses in girls. We now recognise that there are many more autistic girls than first thought and the diagnostic process is slowly catching up and starting to recognise the subtleties.
Firstly, autistic boys and girls may exhibit distinct patterns in social communication and interaction. Research suggests that girls on the spectrum may have better social communication skills and an increased ability to camouflage their autistic traits in social situations compared to boys. Consequently, girls might be more likely to slip under the radar and go undiagnosed or receive a delayed diagnosis. Commonly, girls are first diagnosed with anxiety which can also delay the process of having their autism recognised.
Autistic boys may exhibit more overt and stereotypically "masculine" repetitive behaviours, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or spinning objects. Autistic girls, on the other hand, may display repetitive behaviours that are considered more socially acceptable in society. These behaviours can include hair twirling, finger tapping, or engaging in elaborate imaginary play.
Autistic boys may develop intense and focused interests in subjects like trains, cars, or technological gadgets. These interests may involve memorising intricate details or collecting related items. Autistic girls often display special interests that align with traditionally "feminine" domains, such as animals, specific TV shows or characters, art, literature, or nature. Their interests may involve imaginative play, storytelling, or creating visual art related to their topics of interest.
Autistic boys may be more inclined to engage in solitary or parallel play when exploring their special interests. They may immerse themselves deeply in their preferred topics, often seeking knowledge and information independently. Autistic girls often use their special interests as a means of social interaction and connection. They may incorporate their interests into imaginative play with others, seeking shared experiences or discussing their topics of interest with peers.
Furthermore, autistic boys may exhibit a more intense and focused expression of their special interests, often becoming highly knowledgeable and enthusiastic about their chosen subjects. They may demonstrate a remarkable ability to recall specific details or facts related to their interests. Autistic girls may display a more creative and expressive approach to their special interests. They may use their interests as a foundation for storytelling, art, or imaginative play, integrating their knowledge and passion into various forms of self-expression.
Autistic boys may have a tendency to maintain strict routines or adherence to specific patterns in their repetitive behaviors and special interests. Deviations from these routines may lead to distress or difficulties in adapting. Autistic girls may demonstrate greater flexibility and adaptability in their repetitive behaviors and special interests. They may be more open to incorporating new elements or exploring related topics, allowing for a broader range of expression within their areas of interest.
It’s important to note that these differences are generalisations and do no apply to everyone. Every person, autistic or not is a unique individual with skills and interests varying greatly.
